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Denis, Thomas |
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Title |
Organisation des communautés de moyens et grands vertébrés en relation avec l'hétérogéneité des forêts de terre ferme de Guyane |
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2017 |
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233 |
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composition ; détection imparfaite ; diversité ; écologie des communautés ; forêts tropicales humides ; Guyane ; refuges ; moyens et grands vertébrés ; phylogénie ; plateau des Guyanes ; traits fonctionnels |
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L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier l'influence de l'hétérogénéité des forêts de terre ferme en Guyane sur l'organisation des communautés de moyens et grands vertébrés(macro-vertébrés). Comme de nombreux facteurs additionnels (e.g. interactions interspécifiques, limitation de dispersion, contingences historiques, etc.) interviennent dans les processus d'organisation des communautés, et que ces facteurs interagissent eux-mêmes avec l'environnement pour produire des patrons complexes de composition, de diversités ou de cooccurrences, il est important de démêler les effets propres de chacun de ces facteurs pour caractériser et déterminer les processus écologiques, régionaux ou historiques qui sont à l'origine de la structuration actuelle des communautés. Nous avons, premièrement, choisi une espèce modèle, le Hocco alector (Crax alector ; grand oiseau forestier sensible à la chasse) qui nous a permis de mettre au point une méthode adéquate d'estimation d'abondance prenant en compte la détection imparfaite et l'immigration temporaire de ces espèces très mobiles, et de tester l'effet des conditions environnementales à différentes échelles d'analyse. Nos résultats montrent que la distribution de cette espèce en Guyane est dépendante des conditions physiques ou biologiques des forêts, mais varie selon l'échelle d'analyse, et que la chasse est le principal facteur influençant cette distribution. Partant du constat que les biais dus à la détection dans l'estimation d'abondance pouvaient être importants, nous avons déterminé l'importance relative des conditions environnementales et des traits biologiques (caractéristiques morphologiques et comportementales) des espèces sur la probabilité de détection. Nos résultats ont montré que les différences de détection dues aux conditions environnementales sont suffisamment faibles pour que les indices d'abondance puissent être utilisés dans les forêts tropicales humides de terre ferme sans être corrigés par des mesures de terrain coûteuses. Par contre, nos résultats confirment la nécessité de prendre en compte les forts biais dus aux traits biologiques des macro-vertébrés pour ne pas sous ou surestimer l'abondance relative des espèces d'une même communauté. A partir de ce cadre méthodologique, nous avons étudié les processus d'organisation des communautés à l'aide de trois propriétés émergentes(la composition et les diversités alpha et beta) en déterminant les principaux facteurs intervenant dans l'organisation de ces communautés et en utilisant de façon complémentaire les métriques taxonomique, fonctionnelle, et phylogénétique. Nous avons cherché à partir de ce cadre d'étude à déterminer le rôle relatif de l'environnement (physique ou biologique) et de la contingence historique (héritages d'une histoire climatique turbulente) à l'origine de l'organisation des communautés étudiées, et à tester l'hypothèse des refuges forestiers. Nos résultats suggèrent que, d'une part, les conditions environnementales actuelles ne sont pas assez contrastées pour influencer la composition des communautés et que, d'autre part, les événements historiques sont une cause probable à l'origine des patrons actuels de diversités. Ces patrons de diversités sont ainsi marqués par l'empreinte des événements historiques bien que les macro-vertébrés soient des espèces très mobiles et alors que nos résultats suggèrent que les barrières géographiques (limitation de dispersion) et le filtrage environnemental n'interviennent pas dans l'organisation des communautés de macro-vertébrés. Enfin, nous sommes descendus dans l'échelle d'analyse pour déterminer si la co-occurrence des espèces intervenait dans la distribution des espèces à l'échelle locale. Nous avons tenté de démêler l'effet de l'environnement et des interactions interspécifiques (compétition et facilitation), et cela à différentes échelles d'analyse puis nous avons utilisé les traits fonctionnels pour tester le lien entre co-occurrence des espèces et similitude. Nous avons montré que les associations positives prédominent sur les associations négatives, et que ces associations positives sont en grande partie indépendantes des conditions environnementales. De plus, ces associations positives sont d'autant plus fortes que les espèces sont fonctionnellement similaires. Ceci appuie l'hypothèse que la facilitation est plus importante que la compétition dans les interactions entre espèces, et donc aurait un rôle plus important que traditionnellement envisagé dans l'organisation des communautés à fines échelles. De plus, ces interactions interspécifiques ne seraient pas basées sur le principe de complémentarité des espèces, mais plutôt de redondance ce qui pourrait permettre l'échange d'information (nourriture et prédation), la synchronisation des activités et le partitionnement des ressources. Cette thèse montre donc que les conditions environnementales influencent individuellement la distribution des espèces, mais peu l'organisation des communautés de moyens et grands vertébrés dans son ensemble. Il semble néanmoins indispensable de prendre en compte l'environnement pour mettre en évidence proprement les processus écologiques, régionaux ou historiques qui régissent l'organisation des communautés à fines comme à larges échelles. Cette thèse met donc en avant les rôles prépondérants de la contingence historique et de la facilitation dans, respectivement, la structuration de la diversité régionale et les processus d'assemblages locaux des communautés de moyens et grands vertébrés en Guyane. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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ONCFS |
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Kourou - Guyane française |
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Richard Hansen, Cécile ONCFS ; Hérault, Bruno Cirad |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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296 |
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Author |
Drouillat, Maëlle |
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Title |
L'agriculture itinérante sur abattis brûlis amérindienne dans deux communes de Guyane Française : comparaison de la durabilité des systèmes agricoles à l'aide de l'étude de l'agrobiodiversité |
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2010 |
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58 |
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Master's thesis |
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CIRAD |
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Kourou - Guyane française |
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Pasquis, Richard |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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306 |
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Zaremski, A.; Gastonguay, L.; Zaremski, C.; Chaffanel, F.; Beauchêne, J.; Le Floch, G. |
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Title |
Biodegradation of treated wood waste by native fungal communities of tropical soil in French Guiana |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
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IRG/WP |
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12 |
Issue |
50285 |
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43 |
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Keywords |
fungal community; basidiomycetes; sequencing; DNA; ITS1 and ITS 4; D-HPLC; CE-SSCP; PCP; CCA |
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Woods have been protected with fungicides for a long time, and the effects of these fungicides on soil after being leached into the ground have turned out to be a true environmental issue. It is in this perspective that we are proposing to study fungal communities of these contaminated woods in a purpose of bioremediation. Most of precedent studies have focused on ability of some Basidiomycetes and white rot fungi to degrade these biocide products. Treated and reference (non-treated) woods samples have been incubated in containers of forest soil in Guyana. The first two samplings of these woods and soils have been realized five months apart. A crop and molecular study allowed us to isolate and identify forty strains of Ascomycetes able to develop on wood and resist xenobiotics. Until now, no Ascomycete was known to resist xenobiotics. Furthermore, a study of fungal communities of the woods and soil were done by D-HPLC and SSCP, and then analyzed by ACP. According to these analyses, biocides are leached in the soil and have an impact on these fungal communities, which are different depending on time of sampling and the way wood is processed. |
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Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
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6-10 mai 2012 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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156 |
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Amusant, N.; Digeon, A.; Houël, E.; Beauchêne J. |
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Title |
Antifungal activity of wood extractives from waste products of steam distillation of Aniba rosaeodora |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
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IRG/WP |
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12 |
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10779 |
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Aniba rosaeodora; antifungal; valorization; wood waste; essential oil |
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Aniba rosaeodora, is a slow growing evergreens of the Lauraceae family which are indigenous over a wide range of the Greater Amazon Region (the Guianas and Venezuela, Brazilian Amazon…). The essential oil obtained from the wood has a characteristic aroma and is a long-established ingredient in the more expensive perfumes. Around the olfactive characteristic of the essential oil is due to the presence of levogyre linalol. The steam distilled wood oil is obtained in a yield ranging around 1% and up to 90% of the oil consists of optically active linalol. This work is focused on the valorization of steam distillated sawdust, waste obtained from extraction of essential oil. After steam distillation, the sawdust was extracted by ethyl acetate and methanolic solvents and the antifungal activity was evaluated against basidomycetes fungi. The both extracts were active in vitro against white and brown rot fungi and allowed to propose these extractives as wood preservative agent. |
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Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
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5-6 Octobre 2012 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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204 |
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Author |
Sist, P.; Bertault, J.G.; Picard, N. |
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Why minimum diameter cutting alone cannot fit with RIL objectives |
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2002 |
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International conference on application of reduced impact logging to advance sustainable forest management |
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11 |
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FAO |
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Kuching, Malaysia |
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26/02/2001-01/03/2001 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ 105 |
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34 |
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Author |
Kostlin, M. R. ; Di Francescantonio, D. ; Campanello, P. I. ; Grosfeld, J. ; Heuret, P. |
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Title |
Analísis arquitectural de árboles juveniles y adultos de Cecropia pachystachya Tréc. mediante marcadores morfológicos |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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Boletín de la Soc. Argentina de Botánica |
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Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. |
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48 |
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Supl. |
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146-147 |
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La plata, Argentina |
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34° Jornadas argentinas de botánica, 2-6 septembre 2013 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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209 |
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Author |
Hamila, N.; Aimène, Y.; Gatouillat, S.; Bel, S; Vidal-Sallé, E; Boisse P. |
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Title |
Textile composite reinforcement forming simulation : Continuous, discrete and semi discrete approaches |
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Conference Article |
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2010 |
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Texcomp10, Proceedings of the 10th international conference on textile composites |
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Lille |
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25-29 October 2010 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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128 |
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Paradis, S.; Guibal, D.; Vernay, M.; Beauchêne, J.; Brancheriau, L.; Chalon, I.; Daigremont, C.; Détienne, P.; Fouquet, D.; Langbour, P.; Lotte, S.; Mejean, C.; Thévenon, M.F.,;Thibaut, A.; Gérard, J. |
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Title |
Technological characteristics of 245 tropical and temperate timbers species |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
2012 IUFRO Conference proceedings |
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Volume |
Division 5 Forest products |
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191 |
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Abstract |
Developed by the Cirad's “Mediterranean and Tropical Forest Products Research Unit”, the new release of TR OPIX software (version 7) presents the main characteristics of 245 tropical or temperate wood species. For each species, TROPIX provides data and information on: the scientific and local names of the species described, their origins (distribution maps) and any commercial restriction according to the CITES regulation; appearance of the log or wood, including pictures of wood and wood utilisations; leading physical and mechanical properties; natural durability against fungi/dry wood borers/termites, and preservation; drying behaviour, including a drying schedule given for information; processing behaviour (sawing, machining, assembling); appearance grading and visual grading for structural applications; actual and potential uses and reaction to fire. Some of this information is displayed in graphical format. TR OPIX 7 allows multicriteria search using preselected search terms or similarity to a different species. It also allows graphical species comparisons based on one or two physical or mechanical properties. Multicriteria searches results, graphics and technical sheets can be printed or exported as files. |
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Lisbonne, Portugal |
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8-13 juillet 2012 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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155 |
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Djenontin, S.T.; Amusant, N.; Ducrot, P.H.; Sohounhloue, D.C.K.; Pioch, D. |
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Title |
First report on the termiticidal activity of extracts of Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) seeds and on its active constituent squamocins |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
2012 IUFRO Conference proceedings |
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Volume |
Division 5 Forest products |
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138-139 |
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Termites inflict severe damage on wood and impede usage of several forest species. The biological metabolites could potentially replace synthetic termiticidal products which are becoming more restricted to use. Annona squamosa is well known for its edible fruits – tropical custard apple. Annonaceous tetrahydrofuran acetogenins have attracted much interest due to their broad range of biological activities, and seeds containing them are reported to show insecticidal and abortifacient properties.
Under the course our exploratory investigation of non food valuable products from less known forest species (here from Benin), the fractions obtained from defatted cake of Annona squamosa seeds with solvents covering a broad range of polarity, revealed a significant termiticidal activity, when applied at 5 – 10 mg/cm² (non-polar solvent) and 1.2 – 5 mg/cm² (case of a more polar solvent).
Based on the result (0: no attack) from the standard procedure EN 118, these extracts could be used for preserving wood under class of use number 1. A derivatization step with Kedde reagents A and B, elemental analysis C,H,O, HPLC/MS and proton NMR showed the presence of squamocin type acetogenins (MW 594 and 622 g/mole: C35H62O7 and C37H66O7) as main components of the most active fraction (100% mortality within 7 days for a sample applied at 2 mg/cm²).
Additional work will be undertaken to confirm the structure of most active compounds in the extracts, and to check whether some Annona squamosa seed extracts (non timber products of sustainable management of native forest) could show even higher activity to protect wood under more adverse conditions and be alternative active natural products to synthetic compounds. |
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Lisbonne, Portugal |
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8-13 juillet 2012 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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186 |
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Niamké, F.; Kokutse, A.D.; Kadio, A.A.; Lemenager, N.; Baudasse, C.; Nourissier-Mountou, S.; Adima, A.A.; Amusant, N.; Chaix G. |
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Title |
Nirs Tools for Prediction of Main Extractives Compounds of Teak (Tectona grandis L.) Heartwood |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
2012 IUFRO Conference proceedings |
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Division 5 Forest products |
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Biochemical and physiological process which occurred during heartwood formation have consequences on wood properties such as colour, natural durability and some mechanical properties. However, it is very time-consuming to take measurements of extractives contents. Teak has been reported to contain 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-anthraquinone, 2-hydroxy-methyl-anthraquinone, 2-methyl-anthraquinone, lapachol, 1,4-naphthoquinone for the main compounds.
In teak, natural durability is ascribed to extractives. Consequently, it’s possible to estimate natural durability by measurement of extractives indirectly. For the purposes of selection for the production of improved varieties, the number of samples to be measured rapidly exceeds the capacity of a traditional laboratory.
Near-infrared spectroscopy approach, based on spectral data and reference data, is a tool enabling many of the chemical properties of wood to be predicted and the number of laboratory measurements to be reduced exponentially. The issue here is a question of checking the effectiveness of NIRS tool to build models and predict the main extractive compounds of teak wood from Ivory Coast. We try to calibrate these chemical properties with Nirs spectral information measured on grounded wood.
The results show the possible use of NIRS to predict total phenol content and some main extractive compounds of teak heartwood as tectoquinone, 2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone, … Consequently, after verification on other sets of teak samples, which may or may not be included in the prediction model, NIRS can be used to predict extractive compounds accurately for a large number of samples, making it possible to estimate natural durability indirectly and to include these characteristics in the selection criteria for classifying wood and high throughput phenotyping. |
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Lisbonne, Portugal |
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8-13 juillet 2012 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
196 |
|
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