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Houël, Emeline ; Rodrigues, Alice M.S. ; Jahn-Oyac, Arnaud ; Bessière, Jean-Marie ; Odonne, Guillaume ; Gonzales, German ; Espindola, Laila S. ; Eparvier, Véronique ; Deharo, Eric ; Stien, Didier |
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How can plant defences lead to valuable products? Inspiration from plant complexity in phytochemistry |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Planta Medica |
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81 |
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S01 |
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S1-S381 |
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Essential oils ; therapeutic switching ; antifungal agents ; antiparasitic agents ; biomimetic design |
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If plants are known for centuries as a valuable source of molecules, complexity remains and can open up numerous perspectives. Plants have indeed evolved a wide range of secondary metabolites as defense, competition or attraction compounds [1]. More particularly, the exceptional biodiversity encountered in the tropics, along with the presence of various pathogens and a strong herbivory especially linked to a rich entomofauna, leads to a promising chemodiversity, due to the constant and dynamic interactions between plants and their environment. Taking into account the role and “raison d'être”[2] of natural products, and the fact that all these molecules work together as complex mixtures can therefore lead to a new point of view, by shifting from the “magic bullet” classical approach to a “herbal shotgun” strategy[3]. We will illustrate the fact that, inspired by their ecological functions, and taking into account synergistic interactions, some therapeutic applications can be found for these versatile mixtures of compounds. In particular we examined whether the antidermatophytic activity of essential oils (EOs) obtained from particularly fragrant plant species from French Guiana could be used as an indicator for the discovery of active natural products against Leishmania amazonensis. A significant correlation was observed between antidermatophytic and antileishmanial activity, confirming the “alternative use” strategy in the case of EOs, and allowed us to highlight P. hispidum Sw. (Piperaceae) EO as a promising antileishmanial product [4]. We also illustrated the importance of synergistic effects through the example of the antifungal EO of Otacanthus azureus (Linden) Ronse (Plantaginaceae) [5] and the biomimetic design of optimized synergistic mixtures thanks to a full factorial experiment approach. |
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Thieme |
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Germany |
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Anglais |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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270 |
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Touré, Seindé ; Falkowski, Michaël ; Dusfour, Isabelle ; Jahn-Oyac, Arnaud ; Odonne, Guillaume ; Stien, Didier ; Houël, Emeline ; Eparvier, Véronique |
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Title |
Ae aegypti larvicidal sesquiterpene alkaloids from Maytenus oblongata Reissek (Celastraceae) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Planta Medica |
Abbreviated Journal |
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81 |
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S01 |
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S1-S381 |
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Maytenus oblongata ; Aedes aegypti ; larvicidal ; sesquiterpenes alkaloids |
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Vector-borne diseases account for 17% of the estimated global burden of all infectious diseases [1]. For most of these, vector control remains the sole method to circumvent transmission and eventually epidemics in the absence of vaccine and/or specific arbovirose treatments. Furthermore, the efficacy of existing insecticides is decreasing due to the development of resistances [2, 3]. The situation urges to find novel insecticide or alternative method for controlling mosquito vectors. Taking into account these elements, in a constantly evolving epidemiological and regulatory context, the need to discover alternative, environmentally friendly, and safer biopesticides appears as crucial. Plants are a source of inspiration for new insecticides discovery as coevolution with phytophagous insects promoted the occurrence of a unique chemical diversity devoted to herbivory resistance at least in part [4, 5]. The insecticidal activity of 160 extracts from 87 species collected in French Guiana were evaluated on Ae. aegypti mosquitoes larvae. It was discovered that Maytenus oblongata Reissek (Celastraceae) stem ethyl acetate extract exhibited promising insecticidal properties, i.e., larvicidal and adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti under laboratory conditions, without ecotoxicity (essay on Chironomus riparius and Daphnia magna) or cytotoxicity (Test on Ae. albopictus C6/36 cells and two human cell lines: KB and MCR5). Four β-dihydroagrofurane sesquiterpene alkaloids (1-4) and one steroid (5) were isolated from this extract. Compounds 2 (1-benzoyl,4-deoxy-alatamine) and 3 (1,2-dibenzoyl,4-deoxy-alatamine) showed LD50 of 7.75 µg/ml (95% confidence interval: 6.46 – 10.00 µg/ml) and 2.38 µg/ml (95% CI: 1.91 – 2.87 µg/ml), respectively, against Ae. aegypti larvae.
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Thieme |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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271 |
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Lamarre, Greg P.A. |
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Rôle des insectes phytophages dans la diversité des arbres des forêts tropicales humides. |
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2013 |
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220 |
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Les mécanismes à l’origine du maintien de la forte diversité locale des arbres des forêts tropicales humides constituent encore une énigme pour les scientifiques. Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier et de comprendre certains facteurs biotiques et abiotiques qui influencent l’assemblage des communautés des forêts tropicales humides d’Amazonie. A l’aide d’une approche empirique conduite dans les forêts tropicales de Guyane française et du Loreto au Pérou, de nombreuses expériences de terrain ont été mises en place dans le but d’apporter des éléments de réponse sur les mécanismes impliqués dans le maintien de la diversité des communautés d’arbres et d’insectes des forêts amazoniennes. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse permet de souligner l’importance des pressions biotiques exercées sur les communautés d’arbres. En effet, les communautés d’insectes peuvent influencer la composition des communautés d’arbres le long d’un gradient environnemental conduisant à des compromis entre la défense et la croissance. Ces compromis ou tradeoff permettent de maintenir la coexistence des espèces de forêts tropicales humides en favorisant la spécialisation des arbres à leur habitat (Chapitre 1, Annexe 3). Cependant, de nombreux facteurs peuvent engendrer des variations dans les compromis d’allocation exhibés par les plantes, ce qui peut compliquer la validité de ces résultats. Dans ce sens, nous avons souligné l’influence du rôle de la cascade trophique et l’existence chez certaines espèces d’arbres de stratégies d’évitement des insectes (Chapitre 2). Dans un second temps, nous avons montré que les filtres environnementaux et les distances géographiques favorisent un fort turnover de la composition des arthropodes des forêts tropicales (chapitre 3, Annexe 2). Les résultats de cette étude ont des implications fondamentales sur les mécanismes qui expliquent la structuration des communautés d’insectes herbivores. Nous avons souligné l’importance de l’interaction des communautés des insectes herbivores et de leurs plantes associées. De plus, des prédictions sont présentées sur le degré de spécialisation des insectes à leur plante-hôte (Annexe 3), notamment sur les implications possibles dans les compromis d’allocation chez les plantes. Finalement, des perspectives de recherche sont proposées en vue de poursuivre ces travaux de recherche, et notamment des extensions de mes expériences vers d’autres régions tropicales et tempérées et l’intégration de la phylogénie pour comprendre des mécanismes de coévolution entre communautés d’arbres et insectes. Nous proposons également une intégration des résultats de cette thèse dans les stratégies locales et régionales de conservation des forêts tropicales du bassin amazonien. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Université Antilles Guyane |
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Cayenne - Guyane française |
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Français |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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272 |
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Pernes, Miguel ; Clair, Bruno ; Beaugrand, Johnny |
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Title |
Acquisition d'isothermes de sorption d'eau : méthodologie, représentation et application au bois |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Le cahier techniques de l'Inra |
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80 |
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3 |
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9 |
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sorption d’eau ; microbalance ; isotherme ; précision ; fibres ; bois |
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La réalisation d’isothermes de sorption d’eau à l’aide d’une microbalance de sorption de haute précision nécessite préalablement une mise au point méthodologique approfondie. Celle-ci doit prendre en compte à la fois les contraintes techniques de l’appareil, le type d’échantillon étudié ainsi que la problématique scientifique associée. Cette technique, très sensible, associée à une méthodologie spécifique a été appliquée à des échantillons de bois « vert ». La précision de la microbalance de sorption avec une humidité relative pouvant varier de 0 à 95 % permet d’observer des comportements d’hydratation des polymères constitutifs de la paroi végétale. Une représentation des données recueillies dite « chronologique » permet d’appréhender un phénomène naturel irréversible, rencontré lors du séchage du bois. Une représentation plus classique permet de montrer clairement un comportement d’hystérésis en rapport avec l’état d’hydratation des fibres végétales et notamment leur histoire thermo-hydrique. |
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INRA |
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France |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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273 |
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Richard-Hansen, Cécile ; Hansen, Eric |
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50 ans d'évolution de la gestion de la faune en Guyane – Mammifères |
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2015 |
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Nature guyanaise – 50 ans de progrès et de souvenirs |
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211-217 |
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Editions Orphie |
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Cayenne - Guyane française |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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274 |
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Rejou Mechain, Maxime ; Tanguy, Ariane ; Piponiot, Camille ; Chave, Jerome ; Herault, Bruno |
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Package 'BIOMASS' : Estimating aboveground biomass and its uncertainty in tropical forests |
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2017 |
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19 |
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Contains functions to estimate aboveground biomass/carbon and its uncertainty in tropical forests. These functions allow to (1) retrieve and to correct taxonomy, (2) estimate wood density and its uncertainty, (3) construct height-diameter models, (4) estimate the aboveground biomass/carbon at the stand level with associated uncertainty. To cite BIOMASS, please use citation(``BIOMASS''). |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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275 |
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Stien, D. ; Rodrigues, A.M.S. ; Makerri, C. ; Odonne, G. ; Eparvier, V. |
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Experimental design optimization of antimicrobial mixtures of active VOCs |
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2014 |
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Planta Medica |
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80 |
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16 |
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P1M3 |
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In this beginning of the 21st century, a child dies from malaria every minute in Sub-Saharan Africa and tuberculosis kills every 20 seconds [1]. Also, the hidden burden of chronic viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and C is sobering, affecting at least 1 in 20 people globally. In fact, many authors believe that humanity is on the verge of a post-antibiotic era [2]. We believe that something different has to be brought into the scientific debate around anti-infective agents. Our opinion is that natural synergistic mixtures, which have been protecting plants for ages, can inspire the discovery of synergistic pharmaceutical preparations. As a first model approach, a set of 66 essential oils has been analysed by GC-MS and tested (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, MIC) against pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis. A comparative holistic analysis of the dataset allowed us to identify 6 candidate anticandidal agents: Z-ligustilide, eugenol, eugenyl acetate, citral (mixture of geranial and neral), thymol, and β-citronellol. These compounds were combined following a full factorial experimental design approach in order to optimize the anticandidal selectivity index (SI = IC50 (MRC5 cells)/MIC) of the reconstituted mixtures. It was found that Z-ligustilide and eugenol are the two main factors that most contribute to the increase of the SI, while significantly positive interaction effect was recorded for these two compounds (Fig. 1). A positive interaction effect was also detected between citral and both Z-ligustilide and eugenol. These 3 plant defence compounds can therefore be used to construct anticandidal mixtures. |
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Thieme |
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Germany |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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276 |
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Tinaut, Alexandra |
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Génétique écologique et génomique des évènements de divergence chez les complexes d'espèces en forêt tropicale humide |
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2015 |
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153 |
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Connaitre et appréhender les mécanismes de la diversification des espèces est important pour la gestion des écosystèmes, la prévision des impacts des changements climatiques et la compréhension de la biodiversité actuelle et passée. Le but de cette thèse est de comprendre et de déceler les mécanismes génétiques à l’origine de la diversification des espèces en présence de flux de gènes. Cette thèse se focalise sur le modèle biologique Symphonia globulifera, qui compte deux écotypes : le S.globulifera spécialiste de la terra firme et le S.sp1, spécialiste des bas-fonds. Ces deux écotypes montrent une faible différenciation génétique, malgré la présence de deux phénotypes différents. Une première étape a été de mettre en évidence la présence d’une adaptation locale au sein de cette espèce, par le biais d’une expérimentation de jardins de transplantation réciproques, permettant d’expliquer la répartition des écotypes dans leur habitat naturel. Ensuite, dans le but d’identifier les mécanismes sous-jacent à cette adaptation locale, j’ai testé l’hypothèse que la méthylation des gènes pourrait être une marque de l’épigénétique contribuant à la divergence des écotypes, par l’utilisation d’enzyme sensibles à la méthylation dans un protocole de génotypage AFLP. Enfin, un séquençage haut-débit du transcriptome des écotypes en jardins de transplantation réciproques m’a permis de mettre en évidence une expression différentielle des gènes entre les écotypes, qui pourrait expliquer les différences phénotypiques observées entre les écotypes malgré une faible différentiation génétique. Ces travaux de thèse s’appuie, ainsi, sur des données de traits phénotypiques, de génotypage AFLP et de séquençage à haut débit du transcriptome pour montrer la valeur importante de la régulation des gènes dans la divergence des écotypes adaptés localement, et un faible rôle de la méthylation de l’ADN dans l’établissement cette adaptation locale. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Université de Guyane |
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Cayenne - Guyane française |
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Scotti, Ivan ; Scotti Saintagne, C. |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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277 |
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Gérard, J. ; Guidal, D. ; Paradis, S. ; Cerre, J.C. ; Châlon, I. ; Thévenon, M.F. ; Thibaut, A. ; Brancheriau, L. ; Gandon, G. ; Guyot, A. ; Langbour, P. ; Lotte, S. ; Marchal, R. ; Martin, P. ; Thibaut, B. ; Vernay, M. ; Amusant, N. ; Baudassé, C. ; Boutahar, C. ; Cabantous, B. ; Gérard, C. ; Méjean, C. ; Mouras, S. ; Troalen, N. ; Vialle, M. ; Volle, G. ; Zaremski, A.; Baillères, H. ; Beauchêne, J. ; Boyer, F. ; Calchera, G. ; Candelier, K. ; Daigremont, C. ; Fouquet, D. ; Gallet, P. ; Koese, S. ; Leménager, N. ; Martin, L. ; Napoli, A. ; Pignolet, L. ; Pinta, F. ; Roda, J.M. ; Sales, C. ; Valière, P. |
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Title |
Atlas des bois tropicaux |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2016 |
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999 |
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bois ; nomenclature ; identification ; anatomie du bois ; technologie du bois ; propriété technologique ; propriété physicochimique ; propriété mécanique ; utilisation ; préservation du bois ; sciage ; séchage ; monde ; bois tropical ; atlas ; fiche technique ; choix des bois |
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Quae |
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Guide pratique : Quae |
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9782759225507 |
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EcoFoG @ carole.legrand @ |
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278 |
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Cortesero, A.-M.; Proffit, M.; Duplais, Christophe.; Viard, V. |
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Chemical Ecology: An Integrative and Experimental Science |
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2016 |
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Chemical Ecology: New Advances |
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23-46 |
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Biological invasions; Chemical ecology; Non-indigenous species; Semiochemicals; Trophic network |
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All living organisms, whether plants, animals or microorganisms, interact through chemical compounds. Chemical ecology seeks to identify the compounds that are involved in these interactions, the structures that allow their biosynthesis, emission and perception. It deciphers their implication in the functioning and the evolution of the living organisms whether at a molecular, individual, population or ecosystemic scale. Semiochemicals are involved in the interactions of organisms among themselves and with their environment. Involved in numerous interactions, semiochemicals play an essential role in the structuring of trophic networks and the evolution of the species. Chemical ecology also sheds light on certain large ecological problems like biological invasions and helps envision new methods for managing invasive species. The chemical signals emitted in the environment by local species play a role from the beginning of the introduction process, notably for the detection of habitats favorable to the establishment of non-indigenous species. © ISTE Ltd 2016. |
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UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station biologique de Roscoff CNRS, UPMC, Roscoff, France |
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Export Date: 22 March 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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279 |
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