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Author  |
Touré, Seindé ; Falkowski, Michaël ; Dusfour, Isabelle ; Jahn-Oyac, Arnaud ; Odonne, Guillaume ; Stien, Didier ; Houël, Emeline ; Eparvier, Véronique |
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Abstract |
Vector-borne diseases account for 17% of the estimated global burden of all infectious diseases [1]. For most of these, vector control remains the sole method to circumvent transmission and eventually epidemics in the absence of vaccine and/or specific arbovirose treatments. Furthermore, the efficacy of existing insecticides is decreasing due to the development of resistances [2, 3]. The situation urges to find novel insecticide or alternative method for controlling mosquito vectors. Taking into account these elements, in a constantly evolving epidemiological and regulatory context, the need to discover alternative, environmentally friendly, and safer biopesticides appears as crucial. Plants are a source of inspiration for new insecticides discovery as coevolution with phytophagous insects promoted the occurrence of a unique chemical diversity devoted to herbivory resistance at least in part [4, 5]. The insecticidal activity of 160 extracts from 87 species collected in French Guiana were evaluated on Ae. aegypti mosquitoes larvae. It was discovered that Maytenus oblongata Reissek (Celastraceae) stem ethyl acetate extract exhibited promising insecticidal properties, i.e., larvicidal and adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti under laboratory conditions, without ecotoxicity (essay on Chironomus riparius and Daphnia magna) or cytotoxicity (Test on Ae. albopictus C6/36 cells and two human cell lines: KB and MCR5). Four β-dihydroagrofurane sesquiterpene alkaloids (1-4) and one steroid (5) were isolated from this extract. Compounds 2 (1-benzoyl,4-deoxy-alatamine) and 3 (1,2-dibenzoyl,4-deoxy-alatamine) showed LD50 of 7.75 µg/ml (95% confidence interval: 6.46 – 10.00 µg/ml) and 2.38 µg/ml (95% CI: 1.91 – 2.87 µg/ml), respectively, against Ae. aegypti larvae.
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